What is an "observation" in the context of critical reasoning?

In the context of critical reasoning, an "observation" is defined as a fact or evidence that is gathered through direct experience or empirical data. It represents information that can be verified and is often the foundational element upon which arguments or conclusions are based. Observations help to support claims and provide a basis for reasoning, as they are objective and not influenced by personal beliefs or assumptions. Recognizing and utilizing observations allows one to engage critically with arguments, drawing on concrete evidence rather than subjective interpretations or unfounded conclusions. This understanding is central to effective reasoning and analysis in various contexts, including academic and professional settings.